Observational research is a research technique where the researchers observe the participants or phenomena in question. This technique allows researchers to interact with the subjects instead of when the data is collected and sampled in labs.
Pros of observational research
Here are the advantages related to this type of research:
1. It is the simplest method. Observational research is one of the most common and efficient methods of concluding. It employs few technological skills; therefore, even the illiterate can perform it. In some cases, only a little training is needed when scientific research is involved.
2. High accuracy level: The accuracy level of the data collected with this method tends to be higher than other research techniques. The observational research method directly links the observer and the raw data. The accuracy of the data collected with this method can be tested as opposed to when other sources like questionnaires are used.
3. Determines the hypothesis. While formulating the research hypothesis, observational research plays a vital role. By having a direct link to the observed, the observer can easily frame the hypothesis of the research. This makes the research process flow easily and yields more accurate results.
4. Few and simple tools are required. Compared to other research methods, the observational technique is associated with few tools and equipment. For the research to be successful, the observer only needs to use the eyes and record the details in a notebook. This eases the complexity of tools that are associated with other techniques.
5. Few or no respondents are needed. The research under this method would continue with or without respondents. Therefore, the observational research does not rely on the respondents’ cooperation or willingness to provide information.
6. It’s a natural factor. Unlike other methods, this method benefits from deriving the raw data directly from the environment. This increases the accuracy of the data in question.
7. Does not rely on people’s willingness. One of the most significant advantages of using this method is that it does not rely on people’s willingness to answer or provide information. Therefore, it is not dependent on people’s willingness like other research techniques.
Cons of Observational research
Here are the disadvantages of observational research:
1 Some crucial details are left out during research. The observed may change their behaviors and hide secrets during the research process. This led to the smallness of data collected.
2. Tiresome method. Observational research requires researchers to visit the fields to collect the data. This proves to be tiresome and time-consuming.
3. Past life and details are omitted. During the research, the observer only monitors the item’s current behaviors or people being observed. Therefore, this technique does not concentrate on the past.
4. It is Expensive. It is a costly method of carrying out research. Observation consists of traveling and spending nights and days on the site. This increases the total cost of the research.
5. Affected by security issues and other natural factors. Since its operations are situated in the field, it may be significantly affected in case of insecurity or natural calamities.
